Neurosurgery and brain shift: review of the state of the art and main contributions of robotics

Este artículo presenta una revisión acerca de la neurocirugía, los asistentes robóticos en este tipo de procedimiento, y el tratamiento que se le da al problema del desplazamiento que sufre el tejido cerebral, incluyendo las técnicas para la obtención de imágenes médicas. Se abarca de manera especial el fenómeno del desplazamiento cerebral, comúnmente conocido como brain shift, el cual causa pérdida de referencia entre las imágenes preoperatorias y los volúmenes a tratar durante la cirugía guiada por imágenes médicas. Hipotéticamente, con la predicción y corrección del brain shift sobre el sistema de neuronavegación, se podrían planear y seguir trayectorias de mínima invasión, lo que conllevaría a minimizar el daño a los tejidos funcionales y posiblemente a reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad en estos delicados y exigentes procedimientos médicos, como por ejemplo, en la extirpación de un tumor cerebral. Se mencionan también otros inconvenientes asociados a la neurocirugía y se muestra cómo los sistemas robotizados han ayudado a solventar esta problemática. Finalmente se ponen en relieve las perspectivas futuras de esta rama de la medicina, la cual desde muchas disciplinas busca tratar las dolencias del principal órgano del ser humano.This paper presents a review about neurosurgery, robotic assistants in this type of procedure, and the approach to the problem of brain tissue displacement, including techniques for obtaining medical images. It is especially focused on the phenomenon of brain displacement, commonly known as brain shift, which causes a loss of reference between the preoperative images and the volumes to be treated during image-guided surgery. Hypothetically, with brain shift prediction and correction for the neuronavigation system, minimal invasion trajectories could be planned and shortened. This would reduce damage to functional tissues and possibly lower the morbidity and mortality in delicate and demanding medical procedures such as the removal of a brain tumor. This paper also mentions other issues associated with neurosurgery and shows the way robotized systems have helped solve these problems. Finally, it highlights the future perspectives of neurosurgery, a branch of medicine that seeks to treat the ailments of the main organ of the human body from the perspective of many disciplines

Neurosurgery and brain shift: review of the state of the art and main contributions of robotics

This paper presents a review about neurosurgery, robotic assistants in this type of procedure, and the approach to the problem of brain tissue displacement, including techniques for obtaining medical images. It is especially focused on the phenomenon of brain displacement, commonly known as brain shift, which causes a loss of reference between the preoperative images and the volumes to be treated during image-guided surgery. Hypothetically, with brain shift prediction and correction for the neuronavigation system, minimal invasion trajectories could be planned and shortened. This would reduce damage to functional tissues and possibly lower the morbidity and mortality in delicate and demanding medical procedures such as the removal of a brain tumor. This paper also mentions other issues associated with neurosurgery and shows the way robotized systems have helped solve these problems. Finally, it highlights the future perspectives of neurosurgery, a branch of medicine that seeks to treat the ailments of the main organ of the human body from the perspective of many disciplines

Modeling and simulation of a robot for endoscopic translumenal surgery

— Este artículo presenta el diseño de un nuevo robot para cirugía endoscópica transluminal. Este tipo de cirugía, evolución tecnológica de la cirugía laparoscópica, pretende ingresar al abdomen del paciente por los orifi cios naturales (boca, uretra, ano o vagina), y desde allí acceder al sitio donde se hace necesaria la intervención, procedimiento que conlleva muchas más ventajas respecto a la cirugía laparoscópica. El robot diseñado consta de diecinueve grados de libertad y es movido por un joystick utilizando un controlador por par calculado. La simulación muestra bajos errores cartesianos y movimientos muy precisos del órgano terminalThis article presents the design of a new robot for translumenal endoscopic surgery. This type of surgery, evolved from laparoscopic surgery, allows the access into the abdominal cavity of the patient through natural orifi ces such as the mouth, urethra, anus or vagina, and from there reaches the area of the surgical intervention. This procedure has many advantages over laparoscopic surgery. The designed robot has nineteen degrees of freedom and is moved with a joystick device and controlled by a computer torque control. Simulation shows low cartesian errors as well as accurate movements at the end effector